Lake Biwa, is Japan’s largest freshwater lake and one of the oldest lakes in the world, with a history spanning over 4 million years. Named after its biwa (Japanese lute) shape, the lake is a natural treasure that offers breathtaking scenery, rich biodiversity, and a wealth of cultural and recreational activities.
It covers an area of 670 square kilometers and is surrounded by picturesque mountains, charming towns, and cultural landmarks. The lake is a vital ecosystem, home to over 1,000 species of plants and animals, many of which are endemic to the region. Its clear waters and scenic landscapes make it a popular destination for outdoor activities like boating, fishing, and swimming, as well as cultural experiences such as temple visits and traditional festivals.
Lake Biwa is a perfect destination to experience Japan’s natural beauty, history, and traditions away from the bustling cities. Whether you’re exploring its serene shores, cycling around its perimeter, or visiting its historic temples, Lake Biwa promises an unforgettable journey.
Shirahige Shrine 白鬚神社
Shirahige Shrine, located on the western shore of Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture, is a picturesque and spiritually significant Shinto shrine. Known for its iconic torii gate that stands in the waters of Lake Biwa, the shrine offers breathtaking views, especially during sunrise and sunset. The serene atmosphere and stunning natural surroundings make it a popular destination for both locals and tourists seeking tranquility and beauty.
The shrine is dedicated to Sarutahiko-no-Okami, a deity associated with guidance and safe travels. It is believed that visiting Shirahige Shrine brings good fortune, particularly for safe journeys and marital harmony. The shrine’s peaceful setting, combined with its spiritual significance, makes it a must-visit spot for those exploring the Lake Biwa area.
Address: Shirahige Shrine: 215 Ukawa, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture, 520-1122
Office Hours: 09:00 – 17:00 (For purchasing amulets or receiving blessings).
Mount Hiei 比叡山
Mount Hiei, located on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa, is a sacred mountain with a history that dates back over 1,200 years. The mountain is home to Enryaku-ji Temple, the headquarters of the Tendai sect of Buddhism and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Founded in 788 by the monk Saicho, Enryaku-ji played a crucial role in the development of Japanese Buddhism and served as a center of learning and spiritual practice.
The temple complex spans the entire mountain and includes over 100 buildings, many of which are designated as National Treasures. Visitors can explore the temple’s historic halls, meditation rooms, and scenic trails, which offer stunning views of Lake Biwa and the surrounding countryside. One of the highlights of a visit to Mount Hiei is the Kokuhoden Museum, which houses a collection of Buddhist artifacts, including statues, scrolls, and ceremonial objects.
Mount Hiei is also a popular destination for hiking and outdoor activities. The mountain’s trails wind through lush forests, past waterfalls, and along ridges that offer panoramic views of the lake and Kyoto. The Eizan Cable Car provides a convenient way to reach the summit, where you can enjoy the breathtaking scenery and visit the temple’s main hall.
Address: Sakamoto, Otsu City, Shiga
Opening Hours: 09:00 – 16:00(Varies by season)
How to Get There: Take the Eizan Cable Car from Yase-Hieizanguchi Station to the summit.
Chikubu Island 竹生島
Chikubu Island, a small but spiritually significant island in the northern part of Lake Biwa, is a hidden gem that offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. The island has been a site of worship for over 1,000 years and is considered one of Japan’s most sacred places. According to legend, the island was formed when a piece of Mount Hiei fell into the lake, and it has since been associated with various myths and religious practices.
The island is home to two main religious sites: Hogon-ji Temple and Tsukubusuma Shrine. Hogon-ji Temple, a Buddhist temple founded in the 8th century, enshrines Benzaiten, the goddess of music, art, and fortune. The temple’s main hall, designated as a National Treasure, is a stunning example of traditional Japanese architecture. Tsukubusuma Shrine, a Shinto shrine, is dedicated to the deity of safe childbirth and is a popular destination for pilgrims seeking blessings.
Explore its lush forests, stone lanterns, and scenic walking paths. The island’s compact size makes it easy to navigate, and its tranquil atmosphere provides a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of mainland Japan. One of the highlights of a visit to Chikubu Island is the panoramic view of Lake Biwa from the island’s observation deck.
Chikubu Island is also known for its annual Chikubu Island Festival, held in early June, which features traditional performances, rituals, and boat processions. The festival is a vibrant celebration of the island’s spiritual heritage and attracts visitors from across Japan.
Address: Chikubu Island, Nagahama City, Shiga
Opening Hours: Ferries operate from 09:00 – 16:00 (Varies by season)
How to Get There: Take a ferry from Nagahama Port (30-minute ride).
Hikone Castle 彦根城
Hikone Castle, one of Japan’s few remaining original castles, is a designated National Treasure and a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts. Built in 1622 by the Ii family, who ruled the Hikone Domain during the Edo period, the castle is a masterpiece of feudal architecture. Unlike many castles in Japan that were reconstructed after World War II, Hikone Castle has retained its original structure, offering visitors an authentic glimpse into Japan’s samurai past.
The castle’s three-story keep, perched atop a hill, provides stunning panoramic views of Lake Biwa and the surrounding city. The castle grounds are surrounded by moats, stone walls, and gates, which were designed for both defense and aesthetic appeal. One of the most iconic features of the castle is the Tenshu (main keep), which is relatively small compared to other castles but is beautifully preserved and intricately designed.
Adjacent to the castle is Genkyuen Garden, a traditional Japanese landscape garden built in 1677. The garden features a central pond, winding paths, and several teahouses where you can enjoy matcha (green tea) while taking in the serene views. The garden is particularly beautiful during the cherry blossom season in spring and the autumn foliage season in November.
Address: 1-1 Konki-cho, Hikone City, Shiga, 522-0061
Opening Hours: 08:30 – 17:00
How to Get There: Take the JR Tokaido Line to Hikone Station (10-minute walk).
Omi Maiko Beach 近江舞子海水浴場
Located on the western shore of Lake Biwa, Omi Maiko Beach is one of the most popular destinations for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports in the region. The beach’s clear waters, sandy shores, and scenic surroundings make it a favorite spot for families, couples, and outdoor enthusiasts.
During the summer months, Omi Maiko Beach comes alive with activity. The beach is equipped with facilities such as showers, changing rooms, and rental services for kayaks, paddleboards, and other water sports equipment. The shallow waters near the shore are safe for children, while the deeper areas are perfect for swimming and diving.
Address: Maibara City, Shiga
How to Get There: Take the JR Tokaido Line to Maibara Station (15-minute bus ride).
Transportation Details
Traveling to Lake Biwa from Osaka and Kyoto is straightforward, thanks to Japan’s efficient public transportation system. Here’s a detailed guide on how to get to Lake Biwa from both cities, including the best routes, travel times, and costs:
From Kyoto to Lake Biwa
Kyoto is located just east of Lake Biwa, making it the closest major city to the lake. Depending on your destination around the lake, here are the best options:
To Shirahige Shrine
By Train and Bus:
Take the JR Kosei Line from Kyoto Station to Omi-Takashima Station (about 1 hour). From Omi-Takashima Station, take a bus to Shirahige Jinja-mae (about 15 minutes). The shrine is a short walk from the bus stop.
To Hikone (Hikone Castle)
| By JR Tokaido Line | By JR Biwako Line | |
| Travel Time | ~50 minutes | ~1 hour |
| Cost | ¥1,140 (one-way) | ¥1,140 (one way) |
| How to Board | Take the JR Tokaido Line from Kyoto Station to Hikone Station | ¥1,140 (one-way) |
To Otsu (Mount Hiei and Omi Maiko Beach)
| By JR Tokaido Line | By Keihan Line | |
| Travel Time | ~10 minutes | ~20 minutes |
| Cost | ¥270 (one-way) | ¥310 (one-way) |
| How to Board | Take the JR Tokaido Line from Kyoto Station to Otsu Station | Take the Keihan Line from Sanjo Station (Kyoto) to Otsu Station |
To Nagahama (Chikubu Island)
By JR Tokaido Line:
Travel Time: ~1 hour.
Cost: ¥1,140 (one way).
How to Board: Take the JR Tokaido Line from Kyoto Station to Nagahama Station.
From Osaka to Lake Biwa
Osaka is located southwest of Lake Biwa, and the journey takes slightly longer than from Kyoto. Here are the best options:
To Hikone (Hikone Castle)
By JR Tokaido Line:
Travel Time: ~1 hour.
Cost: ¥1,490 (one way).
How to Board: Take the JR Tokaido Line from Osaka Station to Hikone Station.
By Shinkansen (Bullet Train)
Travel Time: ~40 minutes (to Maibara Station, then transfer to Hikone Station).
Cost: ¥3,000–¥4,000 (one way, depending on train type).
How to Board: Take the Shinkansen from Shin-Osaka Station to Maibara Station, then transfer to the JR Tokaido Line to Hikone Station.
To Otsu (Mount Hiei and Omi Maiko Beach)
By JR Tokaido Line:
Travel Time: ~30 minutes.
Cost: ¥760 (one way).
How to Board: Take the JR Tokaido Line from Osaka Station to Otsu Station.
To Nagahama (Chikubu Island)
By JR Tokaido Line:
Travel Time: ~1.5 hours.
Cost: ¥1,490 (one way).
How to Board: Take the JR Tokaido Line from Osaka Station to Nagahama Station.
From Nagoya to Shirahige Shrine
By Train and Bus
Take the JR Tokaido Line from Nagoya Station to Maibara Station (about 50 minutes). Transfer to the JR Kosei Line and ride to Omi-Takashima Station (about 30 minutes). Take a bus to Shirahige Jinja-mae (about 15 minutes).
Additional Tips for Traveling to Lake Biwa
Japan Rail Pass: This covers all JR trains, including the Tokaido Line and Shinkansen, making it a cost-effective option for travelers exploring multiple regions.
IC Cards: Use ICOCA (Kansai) or Suica (Tokyo) for seamless travel on trains and buses.
Local Buses: Once you arrive at major stations like Hikone, Otsu, or Nagahama, local buses are available to reach specific attractions around Lake Biwa.
Osaka Meeting point: Kintetsu Nihonbashi, Exit 2 (Namba Shinsaibashi area)
Kyoto Meeting point: Kyoto Station, Hachijo Exit
Pay attention to whether the selected itinerary is an ideal starting point.
Lake Biwa’s blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities makes it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking a unique and enriching experience in Japan.
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